Car truck



Aug. 31, 1937. R. c. HoBsoN' I CAR TRUCK Filed. April 2, 1935 2 sheets-Sheet. l

INVENTOR: Ifag C/Y05son MATTORNEAY7 Aug. 31, 1937. R, H N 2,091,854,

4 CAR TRUCK Filed April 2, 1935 2 Sfieets-Sheej. 2

r 4 III/111111 INVENTOR:

KJ ATTO R N EY Patented Aug. 31 1937.

PATENT OFFICE can raven Roy 0. Robson, Cleveland Heights, Ohio, assignor to National Malleable and Steel Castings Company, Cleveland, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio Application April 2, 1935, Serial No. 14,213

19 Claims.

This invention relates to railway car trucks. One of its objects resides in the provision of a novel car truck wherein loads or forces from the bolster are transmitted to the side frames at points directly below the side frame columns, with marked reduction in bending moments and secondary bending stresses in the tension and compression members and the side frame columns. The invention further comprises new and improved means for frictionally supplementing the resistance offered by the bolster supporting springs to downward movement of the bolster and for damping oscillations of said springs. The invention also provides improved features in conjunction with the type of car truck illustrated in my pending application Serial No. 716,948, filed March 23, 1934, wherein there is disclosed a spring snubbing arrangement comprising rocker 1 elements having horizontal arms underlying the connection comprises the provision of members at the sides of the bolster for engagement by said verticalrocker arms, the engaging surfaces of each member and associated vertical rocker arm being so constructed and arranged as to maintain said members and arms in a given relation to eachother. More particularly, a specific feature of the invention resides in provisions whereby, in addition to the advantageous action provided by the rocker construction of my aforesaid application, vertical tilting of the side frame with respect to the bolster isaccompanied by pivotal movement of the rockers with respect to their associated friction members, with transmission of pressure from said rockers horizontally to the bolster in the various positions-of said rockers, as a result of which the bolster is stabilized in horizontal position despite said side frame tilting.

A further feature of the invention comprises means whereby friction elements carried by the bolster for engagement by the vertical rocker arms may be prevented from turning in vertical planes transverse to the side frame and thus precluded from possible undesirable wearing engagement with the associated bolster retaining lugs.

The invention also comprises a novel side frame, especially adapted for use with the rocker elements of the, type shown in my application above referred to, and which not only may be cast or molded with particular facility, but also provides. ready access to the rockers from outside the frame by way of openings at the outer sides of the side frame columns. This side frame at the same time may, when desired, be employed without rocker elements for supporting the bolster.

Other features and advantages of the invention will be hereinafter described and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings:

Figure 1 is a fragmentary view in side elevation, partly in section and partly broken away, of a railway car truck embodying one form of my invention.

Figure 2 is a view in horizontal section on line 22 of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view illustrating the mode of disassembly of the truck of Fig. 1.

Figure 4 is a detail horizontal sectional view showing a modified form of wear plate and rocker arm.

Figure 5 is a detail horizontal sectional view showing a further modified form of wear plate and rocker arm.

Referring to the drawings, there is shown in Figure 1 a car truck side frame A comprising a compression member 2, inclined tension members 3, 3, a lower horizontal tension member 4, and columns 5, 5, joining the compression member 2 and tension member 4 and providing a bolsterreceiving opening or window therebetween. The bolster B extends at one end into said opening. It will be understood that the car truck also includes a similar side frame into which the oppositeend of the bolster projects, but a description of one side frame and its cooperation with the bolster is sufficient for an understanding of my invention. The bolster B is of theconventional American Railway Association type having pairs of lugs 6, 6 and I, l at each end thereof adapted to cooperate with opposite sides of the columns of the conventional A. R. A. side frame when such frame is employed with the bolster, as is well understood. At its opposite ends the side frame A is provided with integral journal boxes for the truck wheel axles in the well known manner, one of said journal boxes being indicated at 8.

Pivotally mounted on the side frame are a pair of rocker members in the form of bell crank levers 9, 9, the short horizontal arms of which underlie a suitable seat member l0 which carries the bolster supporting springs ll. Each of the rockers 9 is pivotally mounted on the side frame through the medium of an intermediate curved portion 9" of the rocker, which seats in a correspondingly curved portion l2 of the side frame. Each curved portion 12 aforesaid is shown below a corresponding one of the columns 5 and in the region wherein the horizontal tension portion 4 merges with an adjacent tension member 3. The columns 5 are channel-shaped in cross section, as shown particularly in Figure 2, and open into the bolster-receiving window; and the long vertical arms of the rockers 9 extend through the open sides of said columns into the bolster-receiving window. The short arms 9' project upwardly through the open side of the tension portion 4, for engagement with the spring seat H1. .The latter rests upon portions 9" of the arms 9', said portions 9 being curved or crowned, as shown, to enable the rockers and spring seat to engage at substantially the same point regardless of variations in the rocker and spring seat castings arising in the manufacture thereof.

The sides 5', 5' of each of the channel shaped columns 5 merge at their upper ends with the side walls of the channel shaped compression member 2, and at their bottoms with the side walls 4, 4' of the horizontal tension member 4,

said sides 5', 5 also merging with the side walls,

of the adjacent channel shaped and inclined tension member 3.

In my present invention, the back wall or web 5 of each of the columns 5, instead of extending downwardly to merge with the bottom wall 3' or web of the adjacent tension member 3, terminates a considerable distance above said bottom wall. As shown, the bottom of said back wall ispositioned adjacent the upper end of the curved end portions 3" of the side walls of said tension member 3, in the region where said side walls merge with the column side walls 5'. Said back wall 5" is-thus shown terminating above the lowermost points on the upper edges of the inclined tension member side walls. Extending upwardly from the bottom wall 3' of each inclined tension member is a projection I3 the curved surface l3 of which merges into the curved upper surface l4 of the curved bottom wall M which forms an end portion of the bottom wall 4 of the horizontal tension member 4. Said inclined surfaces l3 and I4 form the previously mentioned curved seat l2 for the associated'rocker 9, the rockers in normal position being seated as shown in Figure 1, and the extended curved surfaces l3 providing bearings for the rocker elements during relative tilting movements between the side frame androckers. It will also be apparent that if desired the rockers may normally be seated upon substantially the entire extent of the curved surfaces l3, l4 as illustrated in connection with the rockers of Fig. 9,

the curved surfaces aforesaid in either event providing effectively. for pivoting of the rockers with respect to the side frames.

Due to the above-mentioned termination of the 'back wall 5" of each column a substantial distance above the web of the adjacent inclined tension member there is provided, between the bottom of said back wall and the top of the associated projection I3, an opening I5 through which ready access may be had to the corresponding rocker 9. This is of particular utility ,in connection with removal of the side frame from the bolsterjfor wheel change purposes, as will later be more particularly described. The terminating of the col- 7 umn back walls 5 in the position shown is of further advantage in facilitating molding of the side frame and particularly in enabling the molding cores to be simplified.

The spring seat 10 may, as in my prior application aforesaid, be provided with depending projections l6, [6, extending into the space between the side walls of the tension member 4. Between these projections is a web I! integral with said tension portion and extending across the top thereof, from one side wall to the other; said web cooperating with said projections 16, I6 to maintain said spring seat in properly centered relation in the side frame window opening. A spring plate l8 may be interposed between the bolster and the tops of the springs Ii, while a similar plate may be between the bottoms of the springs and the seat member In. An upwardly extending peripheral flange 10 on said seat members surrounds said springs and maintains them in position.

A particular feature of the embodiment of my invention shown in Figures 1-3 resides in the provision of means whereby not only do the rockers impart pressure to members at the sides of the bolster, under the action of the springs H, for generating friction opposing vertical movements of said bolster and snubbing oscillations of said springs, but at the same time the pressure of the rockers isequalized or distributed uniformly, as well as horizontally to the bolster sides in various tilted positions of the rockers, with resultant enabling of the bolster to remain in horizontal position in spite of vertical tilting of the side frame. To this end I provide each of the vertical arms of the rockers with a concave socket l9 at the upper end of said arm, the curved surface IQ of said socket extending vertically. Between each of said rockers and the adjacent side of the bolster, and slidably engaging the latter, is a wear plate or equalizer member 20, having a projection 2| extending outwardly from an intermediate portion thereof and having a vertically and convexly curved outer surface 2| curved correspondingly to the aforesaid surface l9 and adapted to seat upon said surface in the socket 13. In Figure 1 the center of curvature of each of the surfaces I9, 20' is on the center line C of the bolster, the latter being shown in normal position, but while this is preferred the radius of curvature of these surfaces may alternatively be struck from any desired point on either side of said center line. Each plate 20 comprises portions or flanges 22, 23. extending respectively above and below the projection 2|, and portions or flanges 24, 25 extending on opposite sides thereof. The depending portions 23 of said plates 20 project downwardly a sufficient distanceto provide a substantial area of contact between the bolster and the plates 20 during downward movements of the bolster.' Each of the plates 20, including the portions or flanges 24: 25, is mounted in the space between the associated pair of bolster projections 6, 6 or I, l, as shown in Figure 2. The socket portion I 9 of each rocker has flange portions 26, 26, which extend at the sidesof the projection 2| of the associated plate 20. Since each of the rockers extends between the side walls of the associated column.' ,5, (see particularly Fig. 2) and each plate 20 extends between the associated pair of bolster lugs' and has its projection 2! received between the flanges 26, 26 of the socket I9 in said rocker, it will be apparent that through said lugs, plates,' and rockers the bolster is maintained in assembled relation to the side frame. Lips or flanges 21, 21 may be provided at the ends of the socket IQ of each rocker for limiting relative pivotal movement between the rocker and associated plate 20. 1

From the foregoing description it will be clear that the loads or forces imparted by the bolster to the springs upon which said bolster rests are transmitted through the seat member ID to the rockers 9, 9, and plates 20, 20, and that through the frictional engagement between said plates 20, 20 and the sides of the bolster, friction is generated therebetween during vertical movement of the bolster, whereby oscillations of said springs are quickly snubbed and damped. Effective provision is thus made for the prevention of undesirable harmonic oscillations of the bolster supporting springs, and also the'frictional engagement between said plates and bolster sides aids the springs in cushioning heavy shocks. Due to the engagement of the vertically curved convex surface 2| of each projection 2| with the corresponding concave surface IS in the socket IQ of the associated vertical rocker arm the pressure of said arm isapplied horizontally to the bolster side regardless of vertical pivoting movement of the side frame as occurs during travel over rough track. It may be noted in this connection that the concave surface l9 extends at both ends beyond the cooperating convex surface 2| in. the normal position of the parts as shown in Fig. 1. In

any relative position of the plate and rocker, within the limits provided by the rocker flanges 2?, 21, with the concave surface l9 bearing over the entire area of the convex surface 2|, pressure will be transmitted from the rocker over the entire surface 2| and thence horizontally to'the bolster over the entire area of engagement between the plate 20 and adjacent bolster side. At the same-time the pressure imparted to the other side ofthe bolster by the companion rocker and plate will likewise be horizontal,

though .in the opposite direction to that imparted to the first mentioned bolster side, and the production of forces tending to tilt the bolster out of horizontal position during vertical tilting of the side frame is obviated. Thus, when one end of the side frame tends to dip down or lift up according to the condition of the track the forces applied to the bolster sides by the rockers 9 are nevertheless so directed that the bolster is stabilized in horizontal position. In this way the contact between the bolster and the customary center plate of the car is maintained undisturbed by vertical rocking of the truck and side frames.

It may be additionally observed that through the provision of the rockers 9 the bolster is enabled to move vertically without against the side frame columns, whereby wear between the side frames is reduced to a minimum. The plates 20 and rockers 9 may, of course, like the side frame and bolster, be of any appropriate wear-resistant metal, such as any steel having wear-resisting properties. While the plates 20 are shown in direct contact with the sides of the bolster, it will of course I be understood that if desired wear plates havbolster sides, if desired.

Each of the side frame columns 5 is shown ,provided with flanges 28 extending laterally from oppositesides thereof, which flanges pro- -expeditiously in the following manner.

rubbing ject into position for receiving accelerating or braking thrusts from the bolster lugs 6, 6 or I Disassembly of the truck of Figures 1 and 2 for wheel change purposes may be accomplished The bolster is jacked up into the position shown in Figure 3 and is held in that position by suitable blocking. The operator can now reach through each of the triangular openings'29 of the side frame, into the open side of the associated channel-shaped-tension member 3 and thence through the opening Hi, to the corresponding rocker 9 and may then pull the'rocker back into its adjacent column 5, into the position illustrated in Fig. 3. The rocker is thereby disengaged from the plate 20, which drops down between the ad-' jacent spring H and the lower portion of the rocker. With the rockers and plates in this position (as shown in Fig. 3) the side frame, following removal of the journal box wedges and bolster-receiving opening in the side frame A herein disclosed is wider than that of the conventional A. R. A. side frame, and that the bolster lugs 6, 6 and l, I do not overlie the sides of the frame adjacent said opening. Instead, said lugs lie entirely between the side frame columns 5. The side frame may thus be freely moved sideways to clear the bolster.

In the form of my invention shown in Figure 4 there is disclosed a modified rocker and cooperating wear plate 3|. The latter, in this form of my invention, may be lipped over and under the bolster in the same manner as shown in connection with the wear plates l5 of myprior application above referred to. In the present embodiment, the engaging surfaces between the rocker and wear plate are shown converging toward the center of the bolster. In other words, the surface of the rocker 30 which engages the plate 3| is angular in cross section and comprises the outwardly converging faces 30', 30'; while the cooperating surface of the plate 3| is of angular cross section complemental to the aforesaid faces 30', said surface of plate 3| comprising the inwardly converging faces 3| 3|. Faces 30', 30' thus in effect form a projection from the rocker 30 engaging a complemental recess formed by the faces 3|, 3| in the plate 3|. This construction insures the maintaining of the plate 3| in a vertical position and prevents said plate from rotating in a vertical .plane lateral to the side frame. In this way there is avoided the possibility of vertical rotation of the plate to such an extent as to bring the upper corner thereof into engagement with the top edge of one of the bolster projections 6, 6 with concurrent engagement of the opposite lower edge of said plate with the bottom edge of the other bolster projection. which would cause unnecessary wear between the bolster projections and the sides of the wear plate. Through angular surfacemw' -iw' of the rocker and the complemental surfaces 3|, 3| of the wear plate, however. the latter is precluded from rotation into such undesirable position.

As an alternative of the form of invention shown in Figure 4, the cooperating engaging surfaces of the rocker and wear platemay diverge away from the centerbf the bolster as shown in Figure 5. In this view the wear plate 32 is shown with its rocker engaging surface angular in cross section and comprising outwardly projecting faces 32', 32', while the rocker 33 is recessed to provide a surface angular in cross section and comprising the inwardly converging faces 33, 33 complemental to the cooperating engaging faces 32', 32 of the wear plate. This arrangement of wear plate and rocker surfaces will prevent rotation of the wear plate in a vertical plane in the same manner as in Figure 4. The wear plate 32 is intended to be lipped over and under the bolster in the same manner as above mentioned in connection with wear plate 3|. It will, of course, be understood that while in each of Figures 4 and 5 there is shown but one rocker and wear plate in conjunction with one side of a bolster, the rocker and wear plate at the other side are intended to be of the same construction as the rocker and wear plate specifically illustrated in the respective figure, although, if desired, the rocker and wear 20 plate at one side of the bolster might be of the form shown in Figure 4, and the rocker and wear plate at the other side of the bolster in the form shown in Figure 5.

It will be apparent that if desired a spring 25 plank, such for example as shown in Figs. 7-9

of my aforesaid prior application, may be employed in connection with my invention shown in this application. It may also be noted that in the embodiments of the invention shown in this ap- 30 plication the bolster ties opposite side frames together through its cooperation with the friction plates and rockers.

Matter shown and described but not claimed- 0 means supported on said side frame beneath said bolster for supporting the latter, and snubbing means on said side frame for .generating friction in conjunction with the sides of said bolster under the pressure of said springs, said snubbing means being constructed and arranged to apply pressure horizontally to opposite sides of the bolster and to allow the latter to remain in horizontal position despite vertical rocking of 55 said side frame.

2. In a car truck, a side frame, a bolster, spring means supported on said'side frame beneath said bolster for supporting the latter, and snubbing means on said side frame for generating friction in conjunction with the sides of said bolster under the pressure of said springs, said snubbing means comprising members having curved engaging surfaces for applying pressure horizontally to opposite sides of the bolster and allowing the latter to remain horizontal despite vertical rocking of the side frame.

3. In a car truck, a side frame, a bolster, spring means beneath said bolster for supporting the same, and snubbing means on said side frame for 70 generating friction in conjunction with the sides of said bolster under the pressure of said springs, said snubbing means comprising members slidably engaging opposite sides of said bolster and having curved outer surfaces and rocker elements 75 having correspondingly curved inner surfaces en.-

gaging said curved surfaces of the respective slidable members, said rocker elements havin portions extending under said springs for supporting the same.

4. In a car truck, a side frame, a bolster, spring means on said side frame for supporting said bolster, rocker elements on said side frame receiving forces from said bolster through said spring means, and plates interposed between said rocker elements and the sides of said bolster for the transmission of pressure from said rocker elements to said bolster sides under the influence of said spring means, each of said plates havin a face slidably engaging the associated side of the bolster and. a vertically curved outer surface engaging a correspondingly curved inner surface on the associated rocker element for enabling vertical tilting of the rocker element to take place with respect to said plate in response to vertical rocking of the side frame.

5. In a car truck, a side frame, a bolster, spring means on said side frame for supporting said bolster, rocker elements on said side frame receiving forces from said bolster through said spring means, and plates interposed between said rocker elements and the sides of said bolster for the transmission of pressure from said rocker elements to said bolster sides under the influence of said spring means, each of said plates having a face slidably engaging the associated side of the bolster, and a projection extending outwardly from an intermediate portion of said plate and having a vertically curved outer surface engaging a correspondingly curved inner surface on the associated rocker element for enabling vertical tilting of the rocker element to take place with respect to said plate in response to vertical rocking of the side frame.

6. In a car truck, a side frame, a bolster, spring means on said side frame for supporting said bolster, rocker elements on said side frame re-- having a vertically and convexly curved outer surface engaging a correspondingly curved inner surface on the associated rocker element for enabling vertical tilting of the rocker element to take place with respect to said plate in response to vertical rocking of the side frame.

7. In a car truck, a side frame, a bolster, spring means on said side frame for supporting said bolster, rocker elements each having a. horizontal arm and a vertical arm and pivotally mounted intermediate its ends on said side frame, the horizontal arms of said rocker elements extendin under said spring means, and the vertical arms extending adjacent opposite sides of the bolster, plates interposed between said vertical arms and the sides of the bolster for the transmission of pressure of said rocker elements to said bolster sides under the influence of said spring means, each of said plates having a face slidably engaging the associated side of the bolster and a vertically curved outer surface engaging a correspondingly curved inner surface on the associated rocker element for enabling vertical tilting of the rocker element to takeplace with rer 2,091,354 spect to said plate in response to vertical rocking of the side frame.

.tween the respective pairs of lugs, spring means on said side frame for supporting said bolster, and rocker elements having horizontal portions extending under said spring means, and vertical portions extending adjacent opposite side walls of said bolster end portion, each of said plates I having a projection extending outwardly therefrom and having a vertically curved outer surface, and each of said rocker elements having a correspondingly curved surface for enga ng the curved outer surface of a respective one of said projections.

9. In a car truck, a side frame, a bolster having an end portion extending into said side frame, said end portion having spaced lugs on each side I thereof, a pair of plates engaging opposite sides of said bolster end portion and extending between the respective pairs of lugs, spring means on said side frame for supporting said bolster, and rocker elements having horizontal portions extending under said spring means, and vertical portions extending adjacent opposite side walls of said bolster end portion, each of said plates having a projection extending outwardly therefrom and having a vertically curved outer surface, and each of said rocker elements having a correspondingly curved surface for engaging the curved outer surface of a respective one of said projections, each of said plates extending downwardly below said bolster end portion in the normal position of the bolster.

10. In a car truck, a side frame, a bolster having an end portion extending into said side frame, said end portion having spaced lugs on each side thereof, a pair of plates engaging opposite side walls of said bolster end portion and extending between the respective pairs of lugs, spring means on said side frame for supporting said bolster,

rocker elements each having a horizontal 'arm extending under said spring means and a vertical arm extending adjacent a side wall of said bolster, each of said plates having a projection extending outwardly from an intermediate portion thereof and having a curved outer surfacc each of said vertical rocker armshavlng flanges engaging opposite sides of a corresponding'one of said projections, and also having a curved surface engaging the curved outer surface of said projection.

11. In a car truck, a side frame, a bolster having an end portion extending into said side frame, said end portion having spaced lugs on each side thereof, a pair of plates engaging opposite side walls of said bolster end portion and extending between the respective pairs of lugs, spring means on said side frame for supporting said bolster, rocker elements each having a horizontal arm extending under said spring means and a vertical arm extending adjacent a side wall of said bolster, each of said plates having a projection extending outwardly from an intermediate portion thereof and having a curved outer sur- 70 face, each of said vertical rocker arms having rocker arm extending beyond the opposite ends of flanges engaging opposite sides of 9. corresponding one of said projections, and also having a curved surface engaging the curved outer surface of said projection, the curved surface of each said curved surface of the-corresponding projection in the normal position of the parts.

l2. A car truck side frame comprising. a compression member, inclined tension members merging with said compression member adjacent ,the ends thereof, a lower horizontaltension member intermediate said inclined tension members and merging thereinto at its opposite ends, spaced columns integral with said com-' pression member and said lower tension ,member and forming therewith a bolster-receiving win- 'dow, each of said columns being channelshaped and opening into said bolster-receiving window, the sidewalls of each of saidcolumns also merging with megsmawmm of the adjacent inclined tension member .and'forming a triangular window with the adjacent inclined tension member and the adjacentjouter portion of the compression memf e, eachinclined tension member being of chan- -,nel shape and opening into the corresponding "triangular window, the web of each channel shaped column terminating above the lowermost point on the top edge of a side wall of the ad- :fjacent'inclined tension member, a curved rocker seat integral with the web of each inclined tension member adjacent the'juncture thereof with said lower tension'member, said'seat having a curved surface directly under the space within the adjacent channel shaped colunm.

13. In afcar truck, a side frame, a bolster,

springs beneath said bolster for supporting the same, a pair of rocker members each having a horizontal arm and a vertical arm and pivotally mounted ,on the side frame, said horizontal arms extending under said springs and said vertical arms extending adjacent opposite sides of the bolster, and plates interposed between said vertical arms and said bolster sides for receiving pressure from said rocker elements under the influence of said springs, each of said plates and the associated vertical rocker arm'having cooperating surfaces adapted to prevent rotation of said plate in a vertical plane transverse to the side frame.

springs beneath said bolster for supporting the same, a pair of rocker members each having 'a horizontal arm and a vertical arm and pivotally mounted on the side frame,'said horizontal arms extending under said springs and said vertical arms extending adjacent opposite sides of the bolster, and plates interposed between said vertical arms and said bolster sides for receiving pressure from said rocker elements under the influence'of said springs, each of said plates and the associated vertical rocker arm having cooperating projection and recess means adapted to prevent rotation of said plate in a vertical plane transverse to the side frame.

15. In a car truck, a side frame, a bolster, springs beneath said bolster for supporting the same, a pair of rocker members each having a horizontal arm and a vertical arm and pivotally mounted on the side frame, said horizontal arms extending under said springs and said vertical arms extending adjacent opposite sides of the bolster, and plates interposed between said vertical arms and said bolster sides for receiving pressure from said rocker elements under the influence of said springs, each of said plates and the associated vertical rocker arm having coop-- 16. In a car truck, a side frame, a bolster, springs beneath said bolster for supporting the same, a pair of rocker members each having a horizontal arm and a vertical arm and pivotally mounted on the side frame, said horizontal arms extending under said springs and said vertical arms extending adjacent opposite sides of the bolster, and plates interposed between said vertical arms and said bolster sides for receiving pressure from said rocker elements under the influence of said springs, each of said plates and the asso-, ciated vertical rocker arm havingv cooperating projection and recess means adapted to prevent rotation of said plate in a vertical plane transverse to the side frame, each of said plates havingprojections extending over and under said bolster.

1'7. In a car truck, a side frame, a bolster having an end portion projecting into said side frame, said end portion of said bolster having pairs of lugs on opposite sides thereof, spring means beneath said bolster for supporting the same, and means comprising rocker elements mounted in said side frame and plate elements engaging opposite sides of said bolster between the respective pairs of lugs for maintaining said bolster and side frame in assembled relation, said rockers comprising vertical arms engaging the respective plates and horizontal arms underlying said spring means, each of said plates having a vertically curved portion engaging a correspondingly curved portion of the associated vertical rocker arm.

18. In a car truck, a side frame, a bolster having an end portion projecting into said side frame, said end portion of said bolster having pairs of lugs on opposite sides thereof, spring means beneath said bolster for supporting the same, and means comprising rocker elements mounted in said side frame and plate elements engaging opposite sides of said bolster between the respective pairs of lugs for maintaining said bolster and side frame in assembled relation, said rockers comprising vertical arms engaging the respective plates and horizontal arms underlying said spring means, each of said plates being carried by said bolster and having a surface angular in cross section engaging a complemental surface of angular cross section on the associated vertical rocker arm for preventing rotation of the plate into engagement with the associated bolster projection.

19. In a car truck, a side frame, a bolster,

spring means supported on said side frame below 'on one and a depression in the other for maintaining a given relation between said member and said arm.

ROY C. HOBSON. 

